Chart created by the NIDCD Epidemiology and Statistics Program.
This figure displays the relative risk (odds ratio estimate) as horizontal rectangular bars for the risk of children having specific language impairment (SLI) by parent's level of education (reference: college graduate or more, 16+ years). 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown as thin vertical bars stretching above and below the odds ratio estimate (OR) of each educational level. For each level of education less than college graduate, there is a significant increase in OR for SLI, which increased more than three-fold for parental education less than high school.
Reference
- Tomblin JB, Smith E, Zhang X. Epidemiology of specific language impairment: prenatal and perinatal risk factors. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 1997 Jul–Aug; 30(4): 325–343.