References on Voice, Speech, and Language (VSL) Epidemiology

On this page:

• Public Health Burden, Quality of Life, Outcomes, and Health Policy Studies
• Diagnosis and Management
• Genetic or Hereditary Basis for Impairments or Disorders
• Preschool-Age Children
• School-Age Children and Adolescents
• Traumatic Injuries
• Working-Age Adults: Community-Based or Population-Based Studies
• Exposure to Toxicants, Radiation, or Chemical/Pharmacologic Agents
• VSL Disorders in Relation to Specific Conditions or Diseases
• Older Adults: Age-Related Impairments and Disorders
• Recovery of VSL Loss and Rehabilitative or Therapeutic Studies

Click the title of any listing to see the PubMed abstract for that publication.

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Public Health Burden, Quality of Life, Outcomes, and Health Policy Studies

• Allard ER, Williams DF. Listeners' perceptions of speech and language disorders. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 2008 Mar-Apr;41(2):108–23. Epub 2007 May 17.
• Blanchard LT, Gurka MJ, Blackman JA. Emotional, developmental, and behavioral health of American children and their families: a report from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):e1202–12. Comment in: Evid Based Ment Health. 2007 Feb;10(1):29.
• Boyle C, Alexander M. Public health research at the CDC: implications for communication sciences and disorders. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 2005 Jul-Aug;38(4):263–70. Epub 2005 Mar 31.
• Campbell VA, Crews JE, Moriarty DG, et al. Surveillance for sensory impairment, activity limitation, and health-related quality of life among older adults—United States, 1993–1997. (abstract) MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1999 Dec 17;48(8):131–56.
• Caronna EB, Milunsky JM, Tager-Flusberg H. Autism spectrum disorders: clinical and research frontiers. (abstract) Arch Dis Child. 2008 Jun;93(6):518–23. Epub 2008 Feb 27.
• Eadie TL. Application of the ICF in communication after total laryngectomy. (abstract) Semin Speech Lang. 2007 Nov;28(4):291–300.
• Heine C, Browning CJ. Communication and psychosocial consequences of sensory loss in older adults: overview and rehabilitation directions. (abstract) Disabil Rehabil. 2002 Oct 15;24(15):763–73.
• Heine C, Erber NP, Osborn R, et al. Communication perceptions of older adults with sensory loss and their communication partners: implications for intervention. (abstract) Disabil Rehabil. 2002 May 10;24(7):356–63.
• Law J, Garrett Z, Nye C. Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder. (abstract) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD004110.
• Lefton-Greif MA, Arvedson JC. Pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders: state of health, population trends, and application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health. (abstract) Semin Speech Lang. 2007 Aug;28(3):161–5.
• Karnell LH, Funk GF, Tomblin JB, Hoffman HT. Quality of life measurements of speech in the head and neck cancer patient population. (abstract) Head Neck. 1999 May;21(3):229–38.
• Miller JE, Gaboda D, Davis D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics. Early childhood chronic illness: comparability of maternal reports and medical records. Vital Health Stat 2. 2001 Apr;(131):1–10.
• Nelson HD, Nygren P, Walker M, et al. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):e298–319. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2336–7. Comment in: Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):533–4.
• Østbye T, Krause KM, Norton MC, et al. Ten dimensions of health and their relationships with overall self-reported health and survival in a predominately religiously active elderly population: the cache county memory study. (abstract) J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Feb;54(2):199–209.
• Ruben RJ. Redefining the survival of the fittest: communication disorders in the 21st century. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2000 Feb;110(2 Pt 1):241–5.
• Snowling MJ, Bishop DV, Stothard SE, et al. Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of children with a preschool history of speech-language impairment. (abstract) J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug;47(8):759–65.
• Threats TT. Towards an international framework for communication disorders: use of the ICF. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 2006 Jul-Aug;39(4):251–65. Epub 2006 Apr 4.
• Yaruss JS, Quesal RW. Stuttering and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: an update. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 2004 Jan–Feb;37(1):35–52
• Yaruss JS. Application of the ICF in fluency disorders. (abstract) Semin Speech Lang. 2007 Nov;28(4):312–22.

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Diagnosis and Management

• Amici S, Gorno-Tempini ML, Ogar JM, et al. An overview on Primary Progressive Aphasia and its variants. (abstract) Behav Neurol. 2006;17(2):77–87.
• Baker BM, Blackwell PB. Identification and remediation of pediatric fluency and voice disorders. (abstract) J Pediatr Health Care. 2004 Mar-Apr;18(2):87–94.
• Ballantyne AO, Spilkin AM, Trauner DA. The revision decision: is change always good? A comparison of CELF-R and CELF-3 test scores in children with language impairment, focal brain damage, and typical development. (abstract) Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2007 Jul;38(3):182–9.
• Buschmann A, Jooss B, Rupp A, et al. Children with developmental language delay at 24 months of age: results of a diagnostic work-up. (abstract) Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Mar;50(3):223–9. Epub 2008 Feb 11.
• Faust RA. Childhood voice disorders: ambulatory evaluation and operative diagnosis. (abstract) Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003 Jan-Feb;42(1):1–9.
• Franco RA, Andrus JG. Common diagnoses and treatments in professional voice users. (abstract) Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2007 Oct;40(5):1025–61, vii.
• Hagen P, Lyons GD, Nuss DW. Dysphonia in the elderly: diagnosis and management of age-related voice changes. (abstract) South Med J. 1996 Feb;89(2):204–7.
• Hakkesteegt MM, Brocaar MP, Wieringa MH, et al. Influence of age and gender on the dysphonia severity index. A study of normative values. (abstract) Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2006;58(4):264–73.
• Howell P. Signs of developmental stuttering up to age eight and at 12 plus. (abstract) Clin Psychol Rev. 2007 Apr;27(3):287–306. Epub 2006 Dec 6.
• Howell P, Davis S, Williams R. Late childhood stuttering. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Jun;51(3):669–87.
• Klin A, Pauls D, Schultz R, et al. Three diagnostic approaches to Asperger syndrome: implications for research. (abstract) J Autism Dev Disord. 2005 Apr;35(2):221–34.
• Koufman JA, Aviv JE, Casiano RR, et al. Laryngopharyngeal reflux: position statement of the committee on speech, voice, and swallowing disorders of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. (No abstract available) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Jul;127(1):32–5.
• Ma E, Robertson J, Radford C, et al. Reliability of speaking and maximum voice range measures in screening for dysphonia. (abstract) J Voice. 2007 Jul;21(4):397–406. Epub 2006 May 5.
• Ma EP, Yiu EM, Abbott KV. Application of the ICF in voice disorders. (abstract) Semin Speech Lang. 2007 Nov;28(4):343–50.
• McGrath LM, Hutaff-Lee C, Scott A, et al. Children with comorbid speech sound disorder and specific language impairment are at increased risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (abstract) J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008 Feb;36(2):151–63. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
• Merati AL, Heman-Ackah YD, Abaza M, et al. Common movement disorders affecting the larynx: a report from the neurolaryngology committee of the AAO-HNS. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Nov;133(5):654–65.
• Ogar JM, Dronkers NF, Brambati SM, et al. Progressive nonfluent aphasia and its characteristic motor speech deficits. (abstract) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007 Oct–Dec;21(4):S23–30.
• Sapienza CM, Ruddy BH, Baker S. Laryngeal structure and function in the pediatric larynx: clinical applications. (abstract) Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2004 Oct;35(4):299–307.
• Schum RL. Language screening in the pediatric office setting. (abstract) Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007 Jun;54(3):425–36, v.
• Seery CH, Watkins RV, Mangelsdorf SC, et al. Subtyping stuttering II: contributions from language and temperament. (abstract) J Fluency Disord. 2007;32(3):197–217. Epub 2007 Jul 18.
• Shah RK, Woodnorth GH, Glynn A, et al. Pediatric vocal nodules: correlation with perceptual voice analysis. (abstract) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Jul;69(7):903–9. Epub 2005 Mar 16.
• Tutuian R, Castell DO. Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. (abstract) Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Jun;12(3):174–9.
• Wuyts FL, De Bodt MS, Molenberghs G, et al. The dysphonia severity index: an objective measure of vocal quality based on a multiparameter approach. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000 Jun;43(3):796–809.
• Yairi E. Subtyping stuttering I: a review. (abstract) J Fluency Disord. 2007;32(3):165–96. Epub 2007 Apr 24.
• Zeitels SM, Casiano RR, Gardner GM, et al. Management of common voice problems: Committee report. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Apr;126(4):333–48. Comment in: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Apr;128(4):603; author reply 603–4.
• Zeitels SM, Casiano RR, Gardner GM, et al. Management of common voice problems: Committee report. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Apr;126(4):333–48. Comment in: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Apr;128(4):603; author reply 603–4.

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Genetic or Hereditary Basis for Impairments or Disorders

• DeThorne LS, Hart SA, Petrill SA, et al. Children's history of speech-language difficulties: genetic influences and associations with reading-related measures. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006 Dec;49(6):1280–93.
• Gibson CJ, Gruen JR. The human lexinome: genes of language and reading. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 2008 Sep-Oct;41(5):409–20. Epub 2008 Mar 25.
• Lewis BA, Shriberg LD, Freebairn LA, et al. The genetic bases of speech sound disorders: evidence from spoken and written language. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006 Dec;49(6):1294–312.
• Lewis BA, Freebairn LA, Hansen AJ, et al. Speech and language skills of parents of children with speech sound disorders. (abstract) Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2007 May;16(2):108–18.
• Ma DQ, Cuccaro ML, Jaworski JM, et al. Dissecting the locus heterogeneity of autism: significant linkage to chromosome 12q14. (abstract) Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;12(4):376–84. Epub 2006 Dec 19.
• Muhle R, Trentacoste SV, Rapin I. The genetics of autism. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2004 May;113(5):e472–86.
• O'Brien EK, Zhang X, Nishimura C, et al. Association of specific language impairment (SLI) to the region of 7q31. (abstract) Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Jun;72(6):1536–43. Epub 2003 Apr 29.
• Peterson RL, McGrath LM, Smith SD, et al. Neuropsychology and genetics of speech, language, and literacy disorders. (abstract) Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007 Jun;54(3):543–61, vii.
• Smith SD. Genes, language development, and language disorders. (abstract) Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2007;13(1):96–105.
• Tomblin JB, Hafeman LL, O'Brien M. Autism and autism risk in siblings of children with specific language impairment. (abstract) Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2003 Jul-Sep;38(3):235–50.
• Wassink TH, Vieland VJ, Sheffield VC, et al. Posterior probability of linkage analysis of autism dataset identifies linkage to chromosome 16. (abstract) Psychiatr Genet. 2008 Apr;18(2):85–91.

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Preschool-Age Children

• Buschmann A, Jooss B, Rupp A, et al. Children with developmental language delay at 24 months of age: results of a diagnostic work-up. (abstract) Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Mar;50(3):223–9. Epub 2008 Feb 11.
• Duff MC, Proctor A, Yairi E. Prevalence of voice disorders in African American and European American preschoolers. (abstract) J Voice. 2004 Sep;18(3):348–53.
• Nelson HD, Nygren P, Walker M, et al. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):e298–319 Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2336–7. Comment in: Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):533–4.
• Prathanee B, Thinkhamrop B, Dechongkit S. Factors associated with specific language impairment and later language development during early life: a literature review. (abstract) Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007 Jan;46(1):22–9.
• Proctor A, Yairi E, Duff MC, et al. Prevalence of stuttering in African American preschoolers. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Dec;51(6):1465–79. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
• Somefun OA, Lesi FE, Danfulani MA, et al. Communication disorders in Nigerian children. (abstract) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Apr;70(4):697–702. Epub 2005 Oct 6.
• Tomblin JB, Smith E, Zhang X. Epidemiology of specific language impairment: prenatal and perinatal risk factors. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 1997 Jul-Aug;30(4):325–43; quiz 343–4.
• Tomblin JB, Peng SC, Spencer LJ, et al. Long-term trajectories of the development of speech sound production in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Oct; 51(5):1353–68. Epub 2008 Aug 11.
• Webster RI, Majnemer A, Platt RW, et al. Motor function at school age in children with a preschool diagnosis of developmental language impairment. (abstract) J Pediatr. 2005 Jan;146(1):80–5.
• Zubrick SR, Taylor CL, Rice ML, et al. Late language emergence at 24 months: an epidemiological study of prevalence, predictors, and covariates. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007 Dec;50(6):1562–92.

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School-Age Children and Adolescents

• Altarac M, Saroha E. Lifetime prevalence of learning disability among US children. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2007 Feb;119 Suppl 1:S77–83.
• Bhasin TK, Brocksen S, Avchen RN, et al. Prevalence of four developmental disabilities among children aged 8 years—Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 1996 and 2000. (abstract) MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006 Jan 27;55(1):1–9. Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Feb 3;55(4):105–6.
• Bishop DV, Adams C. A prospective study of the relationship between specific language impairment, phonological disorders and reading retardation. (abstract) J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1990 Nov;31(7):1027–50.
• Blanton DJ, Dagenais PA. Comparison of language skills of adjudicated and nonadjudicated adolescent males and females. (abstract) Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2007 Oct;38(4):309–14.
• Catts HW, Fey ME, Tomblin JB, et al. A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002 Dec;45(6):1142–57.
• Fox AV, Dodd B, Howard D. Risk factors for speech disorders in children. (abstract) Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2002 Apr-Jun;37(2):117–31.
• Jaber L, Nahmani A, Shohat M. Speech disorders in Israeli Arab children. (abstract) Isr J Med Sci. 1997 Oct;33(10):663–5.
• Johnson DL, McCormick DP, Baldwin CD. Early middle ear effusion and language at age seven. (abstract) J Commun Disord. 2008 Jan-Feb;41(1):20–32. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
• Juul A, Magnusdottir S, Scheike T, et al. Age at voice break in Danish boys: effects of pre-pubertal body mass index and secular trend. (abstract) Int J Androl. 2007 Dec;30(6):537–42. Epub 2007 Apr 24.
• McKinnon DH, McLeod S, Reilly S. The prevalence of stuttering, voice, and speech-sound disorders in primary school students in Australia. (abstract) Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2007 Jan;38(1):5–15.
• McLeod S, McKinnon DH. Prevalence of communication disorders compared with other learning needs in 14,500 primary and secondary school students. (abstract) Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2007 Mar;42 Suppl 1:37–59.
• Msall ME, Avery RC, Tremont MR, et al. Functional disability and school activity limitations in 41,300 school-age children: relationship to medical impairments. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):548–53.
• Snowling MJ, Bishop DV, Stothard SE, et al. Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of children with a preschool history of speech-language impairment. (abstract) J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug;47(8):759–65.

Traumatic Injuries

• Larkins B. The application of the ICF in cognitive-communication disorders following traumatic brain injury. (abstract) Semin Speech Lang. 2007 Nov;28(4):334–42.

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Working-Age Adults: Community-Based or Population-Based Studies

• de Jong FI, Kooijman PG, Thomas G, et al. Epidemiology of voice problems in Dutch teachers. (abstract) Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2006;58(3):186–98.
• Ferreira LP, de Oliveira Latorre MD, Pinto Giannini SP, et al. Influence of Abusive Vocal Habits, Hydration, Mastication, and Sleep in the Occurrence of Vocal Symptoms in Teachers. (abstract) J Voice. 2009 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print].
• Painter C. The incidence of voice disorders. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1990;247(3):197–8.
• Roy N, Merrill RM, Thibeault S, et al. Prevalence of voice disorders in teachers and the general population. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004 Apr;47(2):281–93.
• Roy N, Merrill RM, Gray SD, et al. Voice disorders in the general population: prevalence, risk factors, and occupational impact. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2005 Nov;115(11):1988–95.
• Roy N, Merrill RM, Thibeault S, et al. Voice disorders in teachers and the general population: effects on work performance, attendance, and future career choices. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004 Jun;47(3):542–51.
• Simberg S, Sala E, Vehmas K, et al. Changes in the prevalence of vocal symptoms among teachers during a twelve-year period. (abstract) J Voice. 2005 Mar;19(1):95–102.
• Thibeault SL, Merrill RM, Roy N, et al. Occupational risk factors associated with voice disorders among teachers. (abstract) Ann Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;14(10):786–92.

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Exposure to Toxicants, Radiation, or Chemical/Pharmacologic Agents

• Behrman A, Abramson AL, Myssiorek D. A comparison of radiation-induced and presbylaryngeal dysphonia. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Sep;125(3):193–200.
• Peeters AJ, van Gogh CD, Goor KM, et al. Health status and voice outcome after treatment for T1a glottic carcinoma. (abstract) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Nov;261(10):534–40. Epub 2004 Jan 9.
• Wiskirska-Woźnica B, Obrebowski A, Swidziński P, et al. [Effect of smoking on phonation] (abstract) Przegl Lek. 2004;61(10):1068–70.

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VSL Disorders in Relation to Specific Conditions or Diseases

Autism

• Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2002 Principal Investigators; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2002. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007 Feb 9;56(1):12–28.
• Billstedt E, Gillberg IC, Gillberg C. Autism after adolescence: population-based 13- to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood. (abstract) J Autism Dev Disord. 2005 Jun;35(3):351–60. Erratum in: J Autism Dev Disord. 2007 Oct;37(9):1822. Gillberg, Carina [corrected to Gillberg, I Carina].
• Billstedt E, Gillberg IC, Gillberg C. Autism in adults: symptom patterns and early childhood predictors. Use of the DISCO in a community sample followed from childhood. (abstract) J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;48(11):1102–10.
• Fombonne E. The epidemiology of autism: a review. (abstract) Psychol Med. 1999 Jul;29(4):769–86.
• Fombonne E. Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. (abstract) J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66 Suppl 10:3–8. Comment in: J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;67(12):2030; author reply 2030–1.
• Gurney JG, Fritz MS, Ness KK, et al. Analysis of prevalence trends of autism spectrum disorder in Minnesota. (abstract) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jul;157(7):622–7. Comment in: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jul;157(7):619–21.
• Landa R, Garrett-Mayer E. Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a prospective study. (abstract) J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;47(6):629–38.
• Lauritsen MB, Pedersen CB, Mortensen PB. The incidence and prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders: a Danish population-based study. (abstract) Psychol Med. 2004 Oct;34(7):1339–46.
• Newschaffer CJ, Falb MD, Gurney JG. National autism prevalence trends from United States special education data. (abstract) Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):e277–82.
• Ouellette-Kuntz H, Coo H, Lloyd JE, et al. Trends in special education code assignment for autism: implications for prevalence estimates. (abstract) J Autism Dev Disord. 2007 Nov;37(10):1941–8. Epub 2007 Jan 11.
• Yeargin-Allsopp M, Rice C, Karapurkar T, et al. Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area. (abstract) JAMA. 2003 Jan 1;289(1):49–55. Comment in: Evid Based Ment Health. 2003 Aug;6(3):73.

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Cleft Lip +/- Palate

• Vallino LD, Zuker R, Napoli JA. A study of speech, language, hearing, and dentition in children with cleft lip only. (abstract) Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2008 Sep;45(5):485–94. Epub 2008 Jan 2.

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Dysphagia

• Roy N, Stemple J, Merrill RM, et al. Dysphagia in the elderly: preliminary evidence of prevalence, risk factors, and socioemotional effects. (abstract) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007 Nov;116(11):858–65.

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Spasmodic Dysphonia

• Cannito MP, Kahane JC, Chorna L. Vocal aging and adductor spasmodic dysphonia: response to botulinum toxin injection. (abstract) Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(1):131–51.
• Schweinfurth JM, Billante M, Courey MS. Risk factors and demographics in patients with spasmodic dysphonia. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2002 Feb;112(2):220–3.

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Stroke

• Altman KW, Schaefer SD, Yu GP, et al. The voice and laryngeal dysfunction in stroke: a report from the Neurolaryngology Subcommittee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jun;136(6):873–81.
• Bhattacharya S, Saha SP, Basu A, et al. A 5 years prospective study of incidence, morbidity and mortality profile of stroke in a rural community of eastern India. (abstract) J Indian Med Assoc. 2005 Dec;103(12):655–9.
• Ferris A, Robertson RM, Fabunmi R, et al. American Heart Association and American Stroke Association national survey of stroke risk awareness among women. (abstract) Circulation. 2005 Mar 15;111(10):1321–6.
• Moss A, Nicholas M. Language rehabilitation in chronic aphasia and time postonset: a review of single-subject data. (abstract) Stroke. 2006 Dec;37(12):3043–51. Epub 2006 Nov 9.
• Perry L, Love CP. Screening for dysphagia and aspiration in acute stroke: a systematic review. (abstract) Dysphagia. 2001 Winter;16(1):7–18.
• Regan J, Sowman R, Walsh I. Prevalence of Dysphagia in acute and community mental health settings. (abstract) Dysphagia. 2006 Apr;21(2):95–101.
• Stegmayr B, Asplund K. Stroke in Northern Sweden. (abstract) Scand J Public Health Suppl. 2003;61:60–9.
• Stegmayr B, Vinogradova T, Malyutina S, et al. Widening gap of stroke between east and west. Eight-year trends in occurrence and risk factors in Russia and Sweden. (abstract) Stroke. 2000 Jan;31(1):2–8.
• Tolonen H, Mähönen M, Asplund K, et al. Do trends in population levels of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors explain trends in stroke event rates? Comparisons of 15 populations in 9 countries within the WHO MONICA Stroke Project. World Health Organization Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease. (abstract) Stroke. 2002 Oct;33(10):2367–75.

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Older Adults: Age-Related Impairments and Disorders

• Mitzner TL, Kemper S. Oral and written language in late adulthood: findings from the Nun Study. (abstract) Exp Aging Res. 2003 Oct-Dec;29(4):457–74.
• Roy N, Stemple J, Merrill RM, et al. Epidemiology of voice disorders in the elderly: preliminary findings. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2007 Apr;117(4):628–33.
• Woo P, Casper J, Colton R, et al. Dysphonia in the aging: physiology versus disease. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 1992 Feb;102(2):139–44.

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Recovery of VSL Loss and Rehabilitative or Therapeutic Studies

• Berg EE, Hapner E, Klein A, Johns MM 3rd. Voice therapy improves quality of life in age-related dysphonia: a case-control study. (abstract) J Voice. 2008 Jan;22(1):70–4. Epub 2006 Oct 25.
• Boyle J, McCartney E, Forbes J, et al. A randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of direct versus indirect and individual versus group modes of speech and language therapy for children with primary language impairment. (abstract) Health Technol Assess. 2007 Jul;11(25):iii-iv, xi-xii, 1–139.
• Brandt DK, Hind JA, Robbins J, et al. Challenges in the design and conduct of a randomized study of two interventions for liquid aspiration. (abstract) Clin Trials. 2006;3(5):457–68.
• Hickson L, Scarinci N. Older adults with acquired hearing impairment: applying the ICF in rehabilitation. (abstract) Semin Speech Lang. 2007 Nov;28(4):283–90.
• Hirano S, Bless DM, del Río AM, et al. Therapeutic potential of growth factors for aging voice. (abstract) Laryngoscope. 2004 Dec;114(12):2161–7.
• Law J, Garrett Z, Nye C. The efficacy of treatment for children with developmental speech and language delay/disorder: a meta-analysis. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004 Aug;47(4):924–43. Comment in: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Oct;48(5):1114–7; author reply 1118–20.
• Logemann JA, Gensler G, Robbins J, et al. A randomized study of three interventions for aspiration of thin liquids in patients with dementia or Parkinson's disease. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Feb;51(1):173–83.
• Robbins J, Gensler G, Hind J, et al. Comparison of 2 interventions for liquid aspiration on pneumonia incidence: a randomized trial. (abstract) Ann Intern Med. 2008 Apr 1;148(7):509–18. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med. 2008 May 6;148(9):715. Summary for patients in: Ann Intern Med. 2008 Apr 1;148(7):I39.
• Roy N, Weinrich B, Gray SD, et al. Three treatments for teachers with voice disorders: a randomized clinical trial. (abstract) J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003 Jun;46(3):670–88.
• Ruotsalainen JH, Sellman J, Lehto L, et al. Interventions for treating functional dysphonia in adults. (abstract) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD006373.
• Ruotsalainen J, Sellman J, Lehto L, et al. Systematic review of the treatment of functional dysphonia and prevention of voice disorders. (abstract) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 May;138(5):557–65. Comment in: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 Aug;139(2):329.
• Ruotsalainen JH, Sellman J, Lehto L, et al. Interventions for preventing voice disorders in adults. (abstract) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD006372.
• Wertz RT, Collins MJ, Weiss D, et al. Veterans Administration cooperative study on aphasia: a comparison of individual and group treatment. (abstract) J Speech Hear Res. 1981 Dec;24(4):580–94.

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